Use of Suffixes and Prefixes to grow your vocabulary
In fact, there is a link between various words of English. Some words are actions words (verbs), some are adjectives, some others are nouns etc. Many words can be learned to enhance the vocabulary. If students know that the word “injurious” has a relationship with words “Injury” and the word “injure”, they can enrich their vocabulary very fast.
I have already published a list of popular action words their adjectives, nouns made from them.
Many words can be formed by adding particles to the beginning or at the end of a root-the simplest form of the word. The particles added to the beginning of a word are called prefixes. The particles added to the end of a word are called suffixes.
Examples of prefixes:
Dis: disconnect, discontinue, discharge, disgrace, display
Re: rearrange, recharge, replay, restart, recognize
Examples of Suffixes:
Less: careless, topless, cordless, tasteless, colorless
Ship: hardship, friendship, partnership, kinship, leadership
Here is a list of commonly used prefixes and suffixes with their meanings and examples.
Use of Prefixes:
i. Ad: (ad means to put add something to, to come together, to promote)
Examples: adjective, adverb, adhere, adjoin, addition, advance, additive, addict, admission, administer, adjust, advocate, advantage, admire
ii. Con: (con means together for example “conjunction” means join together, “connect” means fasten together)
Examples: connection, continent, continues, condition, control, concept, confidence, congratulation, conjugate, convict, convey, conspiracy
iii. Dis: (dis means “not”. It gives exactly opposite meaning to the word. For example “discharge” is the antonym of “charge”)
Examples: Disbelieve, distrust, discharge, display, discontinue, disconnect, disgrace, disrupt, discard, dispose, distance, disclose, disappear, distill, discomfort, dislike, dismount, disallow
iv. Re: (re means “again”. For example “restart” means to start again)
Examples: rewrite, recharge, replay, reconnect, reassemble, relocate, recognize, repay, reply, rearrange, retake, recap, reconsider, rerecord, reorder, retain, retention, reliable, reuse, remake, remark, remit, regain, repair
v. Sub: (sub means “under” for example “sub-inspector” means under and inspector)
Example: subject, sub-road, subcontinent, subsidy, subway, subset, subtopic, subtotal, sub-engineer, substitute, substation, subject, submit, submission, sub-inspector, submerge, sublime, submarine
vi. Ex: (Ex means “out of”. For example “export” means to carry out)
Examples: export, extort, expel, exchange, exclude, experiment, exclaim, exercise, extreme, extra
vii. Im: (im means “in or into” for example “import” means to carry into. Im also means “NOT” where it give exactly opposite meaning to the word. For example “Impossible” is the opposite of “possible”)
Examples: import, immature, important, immortal, immune, immigration, immense, impact, immediate
viii. In: (In also given negative meaning to the word for example “inactive” means NOT active. It also means “from OR inside” for example “inborn” means from birth OR inside the birth)
Examples: inactive, inclined, ineligible, institute, incomplete, insane, insufficient, inborn, innocent, innovation, inhouse, incapable, inbuilt, intake, indigestion, inhale, involve, interest, indulge, inform, incorporate, injustice, inspire, inscribe, infuse, include
ix. Trans: (trans means “across”. For example “transport” means to carry across)
Examples: transport, transcript, transcribe, transform, translate, transgenic, transfer, transaction, transitive, transmit, transgender
x. Post: (post means “after” for example “postmortem” means after death. “postpaid” mean after paid)
Examples: postpone, postpaid, postcard, postscript, postage, postfix, postproduction
xi. Pre: (pre means “before”. For example “pre-marriage” means before the marriage. It is opposite of “post”)
Examples: prepaid, premature, precast, preshow, pregame, preproduction, prepare, pressure, prepublication, preprint, pretend
Some other prefixes are:
En, pro, de, ill, per, non, mis,
Use of Suffixes
i. Less: (less means “without”. For example “colorless” means without colour)
Examples: hairless, tasteless, colorless, careless, toothless, limbless, cordless, wireless, aimless, homeless, eyeless, armless, needless, fearless, hopeless, harmless, useless (Note: all the words are adjectives)
ii. Ful: (ful means “with”. For example ‘colorful’ means with colours. It is the opposite of “less”)
Examples: tasteful, colorful, careful, hopeful, harmful, useful, watchful, beautiful, fearful, wonderful, youthful, helpful, graceful, respectful, merciful, mindful (Note: all the words are adjective)
iii. Ness: (ness is used with an adjective to make it a noun. For example, “Kindness” is a noun and “kind” is an adjective)
Examples: kindness, blindness, awareness, richness, sharpness, cleverness, meanness, keenness, fairness, sadness, openness, oneness, closeness, nearness, fitness, darkness, brightness (Note: all the words are nouns: they are abstract nouns)
iv. Hood: (hood is used with a concrete noun to make it an abstract noun. For example, “brotherhood” is an abstract noun and “brother” is a concrete noun)
Examples: brotherhood, childhood, neighborhood, manhood, motherhood, fatherhood, boyhood
v. Ship: (ship is used with concrete nouns. It makes the nouns abstract for example, “friendship” is an abstract noun made from the word “friend” which is a concrete noun)
Examples: friendship, partnership, hardship, kinship, leadership, internship, kingship, dictatorship
vi. En: (En given an adjective OR a noun the form of a verb. For example “deep” is an adjective and it can be made “deepen” which is a verb)
Examples: weaken, deepen, blacken, widen, moisten, threaten, strengthen, darken, brighten, fasten, loosen, tighten,
Some other suffixes are:
Ise, ate, ly, fy, ous, like, dom ets
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