This collection of ajk board 1st year arts notes is made to help first-year arts students revise chapter by chapter, in a clear and organised way. Each subject below has a short summary, important topics, sample short and long question-answers, and practice MCQs, followed by a separate subject PDF download.
Important, honest labelling: These are original study and revision notes prepared for general exam preparation only. They are not official AJK Board notes, they are not leaked papers, they do not guarantee marks or questions, and they do not claim a verified AJK-specific official scheme. Always check your college syllabus, your textbook and your teacher’s guidance for the final course and paper pattern.
Start with the subject you find hardest, read its summary first, then try the questions without looking at the answers. For a wider first-year collection, see the 1st Year hub for notes, guess papers, pairing schemes and past papers. If you also study computer science, the 1st Year Computer Science notes post follows the same short question, long question and MCQ revision style.
Table of Contents
How to Use These Chapter-Wise Arts Notes
- Read one chapter summary and make your own one-page notes from it.
- Answer the short questions in your own words before checking the sample answer.
- For long questions, plan three to five clear points, then expand each point with one example or reason.
- Use the MCQs for quick daily revision, and note any topic you get wrong for a second reading.
- Download the subject PDF only after you have tried the questions on this page, so the PDF becomes a revision tool rather than a substitute for study.
English Compulsory Notes
English at first-year level rewards regular reading and clear writing. Focus on the main idea of each lesson, the writer’s message, and the way sentences are built, rather than trying to memorise long passages word by word.
Important topics: central idea and summary, character and theme, vocabulary in context, tense and sentence correction, active and passive voice, direct and indirect speech, essay and letter writing, and paragraph writing.
Short question: What is the central idea of a lesson? Answer: The central idea is the main message the writer wants the reader to understand, supported by the important events, examples and arguments in the lesson.
Long question: How can a student improve English writing for examinations? Sample outline: Read regularly and note useful words; plan an answer before writing; use short, clear sentences; keep one main point in each paragraph; check grammar, spelling and punctuation before finishing.
MCQs: 1. A summary should be: (a) longer than the original (b) shorter and focused on main points (c) a copy of the first paragraph (d) only quotations. Answer: (b). 2. The subject of a sentence is: (a) the action (b) the person or thing doing the action (c) the object only (d) a punctuation mark. Answer: (b).
Download English Compulsory PDF: Download English Compulsory Notes PDF
Urdu Compulsory Notes
Urdu compulsory study combines prose, poetry, grammar and writing skills. Read each lesson for its theme and message, then practise explaining it in simple, correct Urdu without adding unnecessary detail.
Important topics: lesson summaries, central thought of poems, explanation of couplets in simple words, grammar and sentence structure, essay writing, letter writing, and comprehension.
Short question: What should a good summary include? Answer: A good summary includes the main theme, the important events or ideas, and the writer’s message, in short and clear sentences.
Long question: Explain how to write a strong Urdu essay. Sample outline: Choose a clear introduction; arrange ideas in a logical order; support each idea with a reason or example; use simple and correct language; end with a short, balanced conclusion.
MCQs: 1. A summary is best when it is: (a) very long (b) clear and to the point (c) full of new ideas (d) written without reading. Answer: (b). 2. The main purpose of an introduction is to: (a) end the essay (b) present the topic clearly (c) repeat the conclusion (d) list all examples. Answer: (b).
Download Urdu Compulsory PDF: Download Urdu Compulsory Notes PDF
Islamiat Compulsory Notes
Islamiat study focuses on beliefs, worship, moral conduct and the practical guidance of Islam for daily life. Learn each topic with its meaning, its purpose and its effect on character and society.
Important topics: articles of faith, worship and its purpose, moral values, honesty and responsibility, rights of others, and the role of good character in society.
Short question: Why is honesty important in daily life? Answer: Honesty builds trust, protects relationships, supports fair dealing and helps a person and a society remain stable and just.
Long question: Explain the importance of good character in Islam. Sample outline: Good character means truthfulness, patience, kindness and justice; it guides dealings with family, neighbours and society; it strengthens trust; and it is shown through actions, not only words.
MCQs: 1. Good character is mainly shown through: (a) words only (b) actions and dealings (c) wealth (d) fame. Answer: (b). 2. Respect for the rights of others helps to create: (a) conflict (b) trust and harmony (c) unfairness (d) division. Answer: (b).
Download Islamiat Compulsory PDF: Download Islamiat Compulsory Notes PDF
Pakistan Studies Notes
Pakistan Studies helps students understand the history, geography, constitution and development of Pakistan. Study events in order, link causes with effects, and learn why each development mattered for the country.
Important topics: the Pakistan Movement, constitutional development, geography and natural resources, population, agriculture and industry, and civic responsibility.
Short question: Why is the study of geography important for Pakistan Studies? Answer: Geography explains climate, rivers, resources and settlement, which affect agriculture, industry, transport and daily life.
Long question: Discuss the importance of constitutional development in Pakistan. Sample outline: A constitution sets out rights, duties and the structure of government; it provides rules for elections and law-making; and it helps protect citizens and maintain order.
MCQs: 1. A constitution mainly provides: (a) only history (b) rules for government and citizens’ rights (c) weather information (d) trade prices. Answer: (b). 2. Agriculture in Pakistan is closely linked to: (a) only cities (b) land, water and climate (c) mountains only (d) imports only. Answer: (b).
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Education Notes
Education as a subject explains how learning happens, how schools are organised, and how teaching can support different learners. Learn definitions in your own words and connect each idea to a classroom example.
Important topics: meaning and aims of education, learning and motivation, teaching methods, classroom management, assessment, and the role of the teacher.
Short question: What is motivation in learning? Answer: Motivation is the interest and drive that encourage a student to learn, practise and complete work with effort.
Long question: Explain the qualities of a good teacher. Sample outline: Sound subject knowledge; clear communication; patience and fairness; good planning; and regular, helpful feedback that helps students improve.
MCQs: 1. Assessment is most useful when it: (a) only gives marks (b) shows what a student has learned and what needs improvement (c) is never shared (d) replaces teaching. Answer: (b). 2. Classroom management mainly helps to create: (a) fear (b) an organised environment for learning (c) silence only (d) competition. Answer: (b).
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Civics Notes
Civics explains citizenship, government, law and the responsibilities that keep a society working fairly. Focus on definitions, the functions of institutions, and the balance between rights and duties.
Important topics: citizenship, rights and duties, constitution, organs of government, democracy, law and justice, and local government.
Short question: What is citizenship? Answer: Citizenship is membership of a state, with rights protected by law and duties towards the state and fellow citizens.
Long question: Explain the difference between rights and duties. Sample outline: Rights are freedoms and protections a citizen can claim; duties are responsibilities a citizen should fulfil; both are needed because rights without duties weaken society, and duties without rights are unfair.
MCQs: 1. The main function of a legislature is to: (a) enforce laws (b) make laws (c) decide court cases (d) collect taxes only. Answer: (b). 2. A good citizen should: (a) ignore laws (b) respect laws and the rights of others (c) avoid voting (d) break rules. Answer: (b).
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Psychology Notes
Psychology is the study of behaviour and mental processes. At first-year level, learn each concept with a simple definition and a daily-life example, and avoid confusing similar terms such as sensation and perception.
Important topics: introduction to psychology, sensation and perception, learning, memory, motivation and emotion, personality, and research methods.
Short question: What is perception? Answer: Perception is the process by which the mind organises and interprets information received through the senses, so that it becomes meaningful.
Long question: Explain how memory works in simple stages. Sample outline: Information is first received and encoded; it is then stored; and it is later retrieved when needed. Revision, attention and meaningful links help each stage work better.
MCQs: 1. Psychology studies: (a) only the brain (b) behaviour and mental processes (c) only dreams (d) only illness. Answer: (b). 2. Memory retrieval means: (a) forgetting (b) bringing stored information back when needed (c) ignoring information (d) learning for the first time. Answer: (b).
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Economics Notes
Economics studies how people, businesses and governments make choices when resources are limited. Learn each definition, then practise with a simple example about price, demand or production.
Important topics: basic economic problems, demand and supply, price determination, factors of production, national income, money and banking, and international trade.
Short question: What is demand? Answer: Demand is the quantity of a good or service that buyers are willing and able to buy at a given price during a given period.
Long question: Explain why price usually rises when demand increases. Sample outline: More buyers compete for a limited supply; sellers can charge more; and higher prices may also encourage more production over time, which can ease the shortage.
MCQs: 1. Scarcity means resources are: (a) unlimited (b) limited compared with wants (c) free for all (d) only natural. Answer: (b). 2. When price rises, other things being equal, demand usually: (a) rises (b) falls (c) stays exactly the same (d) disappears. Answer: (b).
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History Notes
History becomes easier when events are placed in order and linked by cause and effect. For each chapter, note what happened, why it happened, and what changed as a result.
Important topics: sources of history, ancient and medieval developments, major movements and leaders, causes and results of key events, and historical change over time.
Short question: Why should history be studied in chronological order? Answer: Chronological order shows how one event led to another, which makes causes, effects and long-term change easier to understand.
Long question: Explain the importance of studying the causes of a historical event. Sample outline: Causes explain why an event happened; they may be political, economic or social; and understanding causes helps students judge results fairly instead of memorising dates alone.
MCQs: 1. A primary source is: (a) a later textbook summary (b) evidence from the time of the event (c) a modern film only (d) an opinion without evidence. Answer: (b). 2. Studying causes and effects helps students to: (a) memorise dates only (b) understand why change happened (c) ignore evidence (d) avoid analysis. Answer: (b).
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Geography Notes
Geography links physical features, climate, population and human activity. Learn each topic with a simple diagram in mind: where something is, why it is there, and how it affects people.
Important topics: physical features, climate and weather, rivers and water resources, population distribution, agriculture, industry and transport.
Short question: What is the difference between weather and climate? Answer: Weather is the short-term condition of the atmosphere in a place, while climate is the average weather pattern of that place over a long period.
Long question: Explain how rivers support agriculture and settlement. Sample outline: Rivers provide water for irrigation; fertile soil is found near rivers; transport and trade develop along rivers; and towns often grow where water and fertile land are available.
MCQs: 1. Climate describes weather over: (a) one day (b) a long period (c) one hour (d) one season only. Answer: (b). 2. Population is often higher where there is: (a) no water (b) fertile land and water (c) extreme cold only (d) no transport. Answer: (b).
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Sociology Notes
Sociology studies society, groups, culture and social change. Learn each term clearly, then test it with an example from family, school or community life.
Important topics: society and culture, socialisation, family, social groups, social norms and values, and social change.
Short question: What is socialisation? Answer: Socialisation is the process through which a person learns the norms, values, language and behaviour expected in society, mainly through family, school and community.
Long question: Explain the role of family in society. Sample outline: Family provides care and early learning; it passes on values and language; it gives emotional and economic support; and it helps prepare children for wider social life.
MCQs: 1. Norms are: (a) laws only (b) shared rules for acceptable behaviour (c) personal wishes (d) natural events. Answer: (b). 2. Socialisation begins mainly in: (a) the market (b) the family (c) a court (d) a factory. Answer: (b).
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Islamic Education / Fehm ul Quran Notes
Islamic Education and Fehm ul Quran focus on understanding the message of the Quran, its guidance for belief and conduct, and its application in daily life. Study with respect, accuracy and attention to meaning, and learn each lesson in simple, clear words.
Important topics: understanding Quranic guidance, faith and worship, moral teachings, rights and duties, honesty and justice, and practical lessons for daily conduct.
Short question: Why is understanding the message important, as well as reading? Answer: Understanding helps a student apply guidance correctly in belief, worship and daily dealings, rather than only repeating words without reflection.
Long question: Explain how Quranic guidance shapes moral conduct. Sample outline: It teaches truthfulness, justice, patience and kindness; it sets limits on harmful behaviour; it guides relations with family and neighbours; and it encourages responsibility in words and actions.
MCQs: 1. Justice in daily dealings means: (a) favouring friends only (b) treating people fairly (c) ignoring rights (d) using power unfairly. Answer: (b). 2. Patience is most useful when a person faces: (a) success only (b) difficulty or delay (c) no problem (d) praise only. Answer: (b).
Download Islamic Education / Fehm ul Quran PDF: Download Islamic Education / Fehm ul Quran Notes PDF
Revision Checklist for 1st Year Arts Students
- I can summarise each chapter in five short points without looking at the notes.
- I can answer short questions in two to four clear sentences.
- I can plan a long question with an introduction, main points and a conclusion.
- I have practised MCQs and revisited every topic I answered incorrectly.
- I have checked difficult definitions against my textbook and teacher’s notes.
- I have a simple weekly plan, with one subject revised each day and a short test at the end of the week.
Related 1st Year Notes
For more first-year material, visit the 1st Year hub for notes, guess papers, pairing schemes and past papers, and see the 1st Year Computer Science notes for all chapters, with short and long questions and MCQs.
Use these original revision notes as a starting point, not as a replacement for your textbook, class notes or teacher’s advice. Steady, chapter-wise revision, honest practice and regular self-testing will help far more than last-minute reading.
