Results for chemistry

9th class chemistry new book 2025 pdf download
August 29, 2025
9th class chemistry new book 2025 download in pdf here. 9th class new chemistry book for Punjab boards is available in PDF. You can download English medium and Urdu medium versions of this book.

9th class Chemistry book 2025

PDF book are very popular now a days. every student wants to get a pdf book because he/she can read it right on his/her mobile phone anywhere anytime. 

That is why the E-books (PDF) are becoming more and more popular day by day. The demand for printed (hard copies) textbook is decreasing.

9th class chemistry new book PDF download

So, Punjab Textbook and Curriculum Board (PCTB), which is also known as Punjab Textbook Board or just Punjab Board, has published all the books in PDF on their website.

You Can download 9th class chemistry new book in English here. This book is for Punjab boards.

9th class chemistry book PDF free download

I have given here the link to the chemistry book of the 9th class below. You can download the book in PDF. The book is available both in Urdu medium and English Medium. 

These books are published by Punjab Textbook Boards and the board has all copyrights. I have only given the link to download the book. 

I do not own any copyright for publishing or selling this book. You must see the following posts for 9th class:

1. 9th class chemistry notes pdf

4. 9th class chemistry pairing scheme

9th class chemistry book in URDU

9th class chemistry book has been given here in Urdu. You can download the pdf book below. Please note that this book is a high definition file and you can print it. It is very low memory, a very lightweight file.

9th class chemistry new book 2025 pdf download

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9th class Chemistry new Book in English

Below is the English medium book of 9th class chemistry. I have linked the original pdf file from PCTB website here. The file will start downloading as soon as you click the download link.


9th class chemistry new book English medium

Download PDF

I hope you have downloaded books. Now here are some other posts for you. Here are some tips, guides and notes, etc for you to see and download too.

1. 9th class Notes PDF

1st year chemistry guess paper 2025 pdf download
May 18, 2025

 This guess paper is for class 11 chemistry for exams 2025 according to 1st year chemistry syllabus 2025. The guess paper includes 1st year chemistry chapter wise important short questions and important long questions 2025.

1st year chemistry Guess paper 2025 Punjab boards

The Punjab boards like Lahore board, Multan board, Sahiwala board, Bhawalpur board, Sargodha board, DG khan board, faisalabad board, rawalpindi boards etc students can download this guess paper in pdf. 

The guess paper is very short document in pdf which consists of all important long questions and short questions for 1st year chemistry.

The list of important questions have been taken from chemistry class 11 book and the students can find this very short and good guess paper presented by Zahid Notes. The link to download pdf file is given below the image.

You may also like the following:

1. 1st year chemistry notes pdf download

2. 1st year chemistry pairing scheme 2025

Class 11 chemistry guess paper 2025 pdf download

Here is the guess paper for class 11, 1st year chemistry for all punjab boards download in pdf below:

1st year chemistry guess paper 2025 pdf download

Now the post goes further with the following content:

1st year chemistry important long questions 2025

1. What is Dalton’s law of partial pressure? Also discuss its application.

2. One mole of methane is maintained at 300 K . Its volume is 250 cm3 . Calculate the pressure exerted by the gas when it considered as an ideal gas?

3. Calculate the mass of 1 dm3 of NH3 gas at 30 oC and 100 mm/Hg pressure, considering the NH3 is behaving ideally?

4. Give eight postulates of kinetic molecular theory.

5. What is H-bonding? Discuss H-bonding in biological compounds.

6. How does the hydrogen bonding explain the formation of ice lesser density than liquid water.

7. Define liquid crystals. Discuss important uses of liquid crystal.

8. Write down the properties of ionic solids.

9. Explain Rutherford’s model of atom. Give its defects.

10. Define Quantum numbers. Discuss briefly Azimuthal Quantum number.

11. Give the different postulates of Bohr’s atomic model.

12. Write down the main postulates of valence shell electron pair repulsion theory and discuss the structure of NH3 with reference of this theory.

13. Briefly explain shapes of NH3 and H2O molecule according to hybridizing theory.

14. Why bond formation is not possible between two He atoms? Prove with molecular orbital theory.

`15. Describe bomb Calorimeter

16. Define and explain Hess’s law of constant heat summation with examples.

17. Define the following terms: Molality, Mole fraction and part per million.

18. What is Raoul’s law? Give its three statements.

19. Describe one method to determine the boiling point of elevation of solutes.

20. State rules for assigning oxidation number of elements with examples.

21. Write construction and working of voltaic cell.

22. Describe the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride and a concentrated solution of sodium chloride.

23. Give four industrial importance of electrolysis process in detail.

24. What is electrochemical series? Give its four applications?

25. How light and surface are affect the rate of reaction.

26. Write four characteristics of a catalyst.

27. How does Arrhenius equation help us to calculate the energy of activation of reaction?

28. Define Half-Life period and order of reaction. Describe half-life method to determine the order or reaction.

You may like the following relevant posts:

1. 1st year guess paper 2025

2. 1st year notes pdf

3. 2nd year paper schemes 2025 pdf

4. 1st year paper pattern

5. 1st year date sheet punjab board

6. 1st year Roll number slip

9th class chemistry scheme 2025 all Punjab Board
February 25, 2025
Here is the 9th class chemistry pairing scheme 2025 Gujranwala board, Lahore board, DG Khan Board, Multan board. 

This is also valid for other boards of Punjab like the Faisalabad Board, Gujranwala Board, Sahiwal Board, and Rawalpindi board. This pairing scheme is also followed in Sargodha Board.

9th class chemistry notes English medium

9th class chemistry scheme 2025

Yes, this is the latest pairing scheme of chemistry for class 9. The students have to learn according to the pairing schemes. It is better to do your exams preparation according to the paper scheme. The picture of the paper scheme is given below.

Also see: 

9th class chemistry pairing scheme 2025 pdf download

Pairing scheme of chemistry 9th class 2025

The text form of the pairing scheme is given below. The paper scheme for 2025 is given below. 

This paper scheme is valid for all Punjab boards like Lahore board, Multan board, Gujranwala board, Sahiwal board, Bhawalpur board, Sargodha board, Faisalabad Board and DG Khan board.

9th class chemistry pairing scheme 2025


MCQs = 12 (1 from chapter 2, 3, 4, 5 each and 2 from chapter 1, 6, 7, 8 each)

Short Questions

Question No. 2 (5/8)
Chapter 1 = 3
Chapter 2 = 2
Chapter 3 = 3

Question No. 3 (5/8)
Chapter 4 = 2
Chapter 5 = 3
Chapter 6 = 3

Question No. 4 (5/8)
Chapter 7 = 4
Chapter 8 = 4

Long Questions (attempt ANY TWO from three)

Question No. 5
Chapter 1 = one part
Chapter 4 = one part

Question No. 6
Chapter 2 = one part
Chapter 5 = one part

Question No. 7
Chapter 6 = one part
Chapter 7 or 8 = one part

You may like to see:

Chemistry paper scheme 2025 1st year
February 03, 2025
This is updated 1st year chemistry pairing scheme 2025. Punjab board has changed the scheme of chemistry for class 11 and new scheme has been published here.

The paper Scheme of chemistry for 1st year 2025 for the Punjab board has been updated according to new scheme here. 

The students must know what to read with the most significant consideration and what is not so much important. I have given the pairing scheme of chemistry here.

1st year chemistry pairing scheme 2025

You should see: 2nd year scheme 2025 in pdf

The most important thing is that do follow paper scheme but must study the whole syllabus, as it will help you achieve high marks in chemistry for 1st year. 

1st year chemistry pairing scheme 2025 pdf download


It will also help you in your future entry tests. As the paper schemes are being prepared for all subjects of chemistry, you can download them all in pdf. 

Now this pairing scheme is for the Punjab boards. I have given here the image and the text of the scheme. All subjects pairing schemes 1st year 2025 have been updated in pdf and you can download them now.

1st year class 11 chemistry paper scheme 2025

 Here is the paper scheme texts: But before you read further, I would like to recommend you to download 1st year chemistry notes of full book here.

Question No. 1 MCQs = 17 (2 from chapter  1-6 each and 1 mcqs from chapter 7-11 each)

Short questions

Question No. 2 (8/12)
Chapter 1 = 3
Chapter 2 = 3
Chapter 3 = 3
Chapter 8 = 3

Question No. 3 (8/12)
Chapter 4 = 3
Chapter 5 = 3
Chapter 9 = 3
Chapter 11 = 3

Question No. 4 (6/9)
Chapter 6 = 4
Chapter 7 = 3
Chapter 10 = 2

Long questions (Attempt ANY THREE questions from FIVE Questions)

Questions No. 5
Chapter 1 = part A 
Chapter 4 = Part B 

Questions No. 6
Chapter 3 = part A (N)
Chapter 5 = Part B

Questions No. 7
Chapter 6 = part A
Chapter 8 = Part B (N)

Questions No. 8
Chapter 7 = part A 
Chapter 10 = Part B

Questions No. 9
Chapter 9 = part A
Chapter 11 = Part B

Where to download in pdf?


Here is the pdf download button. Download it here below:

1st year chemistry pairing scheme 2025


Now the students can see new schemes.

2nd year chemistry pairing scheme 2025
February 01, 2025
2nd year paper scheme for chemistry 2025 is issued by all educational boards of Punjab to facilitate the students in their paper preparation. 

The scheme provides an understanding of the assessment pattern of the board for chemistry students.

The students find it helpful in analyzing the importance and weightage of various sections of the course content.

2nd year chemistry paper scheme 2025

2nd year chemistry pairing scheme 2025 new pdf punjab boards

Although I have give it the heading for the Lahore board, yet the scheme is for all Punjab boards. All the boards in Punjab follow this scheme. 

This scheme for 12th class chemistry is for the Lahore board, Gujranwala board, Sargodha board, Multan Board, Rawalpindi board, Faisalabad board, DG Khan Board and Sahiwal board.

You may also like to see:
I have given here the detailed scheme in texts as well as an image of the scheme.

2nd year chemistry textbook pdf

12th class chemistry pairing scheme 2025 all Punjab boards

The image form for the paper scheme is given below. You can download it in pdf too. Or copy the text of the pairing scheme to your phone. This is new paper scheme for FSc part 2 chemistry for 2025.

The FSc part 2 chemistry scheme is given below:

Q#1 17 MCQs from all chapters
Q#2(Ch# 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10)       
Q#3(Ch# 3, 4, 11, 12, 13, 14)
Q#4(Ch# 5, 6, 15, 16)
Q#5(Ch# 1, 2)
Q#6(Ch# 7, 9) 
Q#7(Ch# 8, 12)
Q#8(Ch# 11, 13)
Q#9(Ch# 5, 6)

2nd year chemistry chapter wise long and short questions

Question No. 1 MCQs = 17 (1 mcqs from all chapters but 2 MCQs from chapter 16


Question No. 2 (8/12)
Chapter 1 = 2 short questions
Chapter 2 = 2 short questions
Chapter 7 = 2 short questions
Chapter 8 = 2 short questions
Chapter 9 = 2 short questions
Chapter 10 = 2 short questions

Question No. 3 (8/12)
Chapter 3 = 2 short questions
Chapter 4= 2 short questions
Chapter 11 = 2 short questions
Chapter 12 = 2 short questions
Chapter 13 = 2 short questions
Chapter 14 = 2 short questions


Question No. 4 (6/9)
Chapter 5 = 2 short questions
Chapter 6 = 2 short question
Chapter 15 = 2 short questions
Chapter 16 = 3 short question

Long questions (Attempt ANY THREE questions from FIVE Questions)

Questions No. 5
Chapter 1= part A
Chapter 2 = Part B

Questions No. 6
Chapter 7 = part A
Chapter 9 = Part B

Questions No. 7
Chapter 8 = part A
Chapter 12 = Part B

Questions No. 8
Chapter 11 = part A
Chapter 13 = Part B

Questions No. 9
Chapter 5 = part A
Chapter 6 = Part B

Download this scheme in pdf

Here is the download button to download 12th class chemistry scheme in pdf

2nd year chemistry pairing scheme 2025


Now the students can see that 2nd year all subjects paper schemes have been given in pdf here at Zahid Notes. You can download all in one pdf file from Zahid Notes.

Relevant posts:

1. 2nd year biology scheme 2025

10th class chemistry pairing scheme 2025
January 30, 2025
Here you can find 10th clss chemistry scheme 2025 for Punjab board. Earlier I have posted here the pairing scheme and papers schemes of 9th class all subjects in pdf. 

I have published separate posts for study schemes of biology and physics of the 9th class and also for 10th class of these two subjects. 

My aim is to provide quality stuff to the students. The 2025 pairing scheme for 10th class chemistry is given below.

10th class Chemistry pairing scheme 2025

For now, I was not sure of the changes in pairing schemes of chemistry for the 10th class. I got news from one of my friends who works on the Lahore board. 

He gave me the confirmed new pairing schemes for 10th class 2025 and now I have decided to share it here. Please share it with your friends.

10th class chemistry scheme 2025

You may like:

Here is the Paper scheme of 10th class chemistry in picture or image form:

10th class chemistry pairing scheme 2025 for Punjab boards

Chemistry scheme 2025 10th class

The detailed texts of the pairing scheme are given below:

MCQs = 12 (1 from chapter 09, 11, 12, 13 each and 2 from chapter 10, 14, 15, 16 each)

Short Questions

Question No. 2 (5/8)
Chapter 9 = 3
Chapter 10 = 3
Chapter 12 = 2

Question No. 3 (5/8)
Chapter 11 = 3
Chapter 13 = 2
Chapter 14 = 3

Question No. 4 (5/8)
Chapter 15 = 4
Chapter 16 = 4

Long Questions (attempt ANY TWO from three)


Question No. 5
Chapter 10 = one part
Chapter 11 = one part

Question No. 6
Chapter 12 = one part
Chapter 13 = one part

Question No. 7
Chapter 14 = one part
Chapter 16 = one part

You should also see the following posts:

1. 10th class biology pairing 2025

9th class Chemistry guess paper Urdu and English 2025
January 28, 2025
Here is a chemistry guess paper for 9th class for both Urdu and English medium students. The guess paper is for annual exams 2025 for all Punjab boards like Lahore board, Sahiwal Board, Sargodha board, Multan board, Gujranwala board etc. 

9th class chemistry guess paper 2025 is given below both urdu and English version.

9th class chemistry guess paper 2025

This guess paper includes all important definitions, short questions and long questions of chemistry class 9th. Now you can download the guess paper in pdf too.

9th class chemistry important questions in English

Chapter 1

Important definition:
organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, Avogadro Number, analytical chemistry, Industrial chemistry, Atomic Mass unit, relative atomic mass, empirical formula, molecular formula, mole

Important short questions:
difference between compound and mixture, the difference between homogenous and heterogeneous mixture, the difference between homo atomic and heteroatomic diatomic molecules, the difference between atom, ion, and molecular ion, give the scope of biochemistry, the difference between atomic number and atomic mass, why we use symbols to represent the elements?

Important long questions:
1. three differences between atomic number and atomic mass
2. Detailed difference between gram atomic mass, gram formula mass and gram molecular mass.

Chapter 2

Important definitions:
Electronic configuration, electron affinity, nuclear reaction, isotopes, quantum, carbon dating

Important short questions:
defects of Rutherford's atomic model, Three characteristics of positive rays, the difference between shell and sub-shell, five characteristics of cathode rays, Uranium-235 is used for which purpose, give the characteristics of neutron particles, give the electronic configuration of Phosphorus while its atomic number is 15.

Important long questions
1. uses of isotopes
2. Atomic model of Rutherford
3. Bohr's atomic theory

Chapter 3

Important definitions
ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, periodic functions, shielding effect, atomic radius

Important short questions
Why Nobel gases are not reactive, what is the difference between Mendeleev's periodic law and modern periodic law?, what are groups and periods in periodic table?, give the trends of ionization energy in groups and periods, what is meant by Dobriener's triads, give its classification, give the trends of electron affinity on groups, how Newland classified elements? why elements are called s-elements and p-elements?

Important Long questions
1. important features of the modern periodic table
2. what is meant by blocks in the periodic table and why elements are kept in blocks
3. What are the periods? explain all periods in the periodic table.

Chapter 4

Important definitions
chemical bond, triple covalent bond, hydrogen bonding, electroplating, electrochemical cell, electronegativity, polarity, Melliability

Important short questions:
what is meant by loan pair electron and bond pair electron, the difference between an ionic bond and covalent bond, characteristics if ionic compounds, characteristics of covalent compounds, characteristics of metals, two basic conditions for the formation of a covalent bond, why the metals are good conductors of electricity? difference between polar and non-polar covalent bond, why ice float on water?

Important Long questions:
1. What is the ionic bond? explain the process of formation of ionic bond between sodium and chlorine.
2. describe the process of anion formation from an atom of any non-metal
3. compare the characteristics of ionic and covalent bonds

Chapter 5

Important Definitions
Diffusion, standard atmospheric pressure, allotropy, vapour pressure, affusion, boiling point, condensation, boiling point, Boyl's law

Important Short questions
What is the relation between boiling point of any liquid and evaporation?, why gasses can be compressed?, evaporation is a cooling process. how?, On what factors does evaporation depend? what is meant by absolute zero? give three characteristics of gases, On what factors does the boiling point of liquid depend?

Important Long questions
1. Examples 5.1 and 5.2 on page 94 and 95
2. Define the boiling point and explain factors affecting it.
3. Explain Charles law

Chapter 6

Important definitions
The solution, aqueous solution, molarity, percentage solution, solute, solvent, collide, solubility, alloy, suspension

Important short questions
Difference between saturated and supersaturated solutions, the effect of temperature on solubility, difference between dilute and concentrated solution, what is Tyndal effect and what does it depend on?
how will you distinguish between solution and pure liquid?

Important Long questions
1. Effects of temperature on solubility
2. five characteristics of collides and suspensions

Chapter 7

Important definitions
electrochemistry, oxidation state, corrosion, electrochemical cell, electroplating, redox reaction, non-electrolyte

Important short questions
What is meant by an oxidizing and reducing agent? What is meant by spontaneous and non-spontaneous reactions? difference between valency and oxidation state, strong and weak electrolytes, Which byproducts are formed in Nelson'cell? Difference between corrosion and rusting, the difference between electrolytic and galvanic cell, What is the role of oxygen in rusting?

Important Long questions
1. Compare electrolytic and galvanic cell
2. Explain the difference between electrolytes and non-electrolytes with examples
3. Explain the electrolases of water in details

Chapter 8

Important definitions
Metal, metallic character, transition metal

Important short questions
Physical properties of metals, What is the relation between electropositivity and ionization energy?, Why gold and silve are very less reactive?, Write two uses for both silver and gold, what is the difference between steel and stainless steel? Give three uses of magnesium.

Important Long questions
1. Compares the properties of alkali and alkaline metals
2. Compare physical properties of metals and non-metals

9th class Chemistry Guess paper 2025 PDF Urdu Version

Here is the guess paper of chemistry in Urdu. You can download the guess paper below.

10th class chemistry guess paper Punjab Boards 2025
January 27, 2025
I have given here the two versions of the guess paper of chemistry for the 10th class 2025. The guess paper is both in Urdu and English medium. 

You can choose any version and get good marks in chemistry class 10. this is According to full syllabus. PDF download this file below.

I have already published the pairing schemes of chemistry and all subjects of 9th class here on Zahid Notes. If you want to download the guess paper in pdf.

3. 10th class English guess paper 2025

10th class chemistry guess paper 2025

This is a guess paper according to full syllabus 2025. The students of all boards can prepare this guess paper to get good marks. 

Now the guess paper 2025 is vailable in pdf. Please click the pdf download button to get the guess paper in pdf.

10th class chemistry guess paper in ENGLISH

10th class chemistry guess paper 2025 pdf download


10th class chemistry important questions

Unit 9

Important Short Questions

1. Reversible & irreversible reaction
2. Dynamic equilibrium & Static equilibrium
3. Law of mass action
4. Equilibrium constant
5. How dynamic equilibrium constant is established
6. Relationship b/w active mass and rate of reaction
7. How direction of a reaction can be predicted?

Important long questions:

1. What is meant by a complete & incomplete reaction? Why reactions do not go to completion?
2. Give the macroscopic characteristics of forward reactions, reverse reactions & dynamic equilibrium.
3. State the law of mass action and derive the expression for the equilibrium constant for a given reaction A +B>< C+D / general reaction.
4. Explain the importance of equilibrium constant.
5. Describe a reversible reaction with the help of an example & graph.

Unit 10

Important Short Questions

1. Define Acid & base according to Arrhenius.
2. Write limitations of Arrhenious concept.
3. What is Bronsted Lowry Theory?
4. Differentiate b/w Lewis acid & base.
5. Why H+ ion acts as a Lewis acid?
6. Give four uses of sulphuric acid.
7. Define pH. What is the pH of pure water?
8. Define pH of solution.
9. Define indicators.
10. What are salts? Give two examples.
11. Give four uses of salts.
12. Write four uses of sodium silicate, calcium chloride, calcium oxide
13. Differentiate b/w acidic salts & basic salts.

Important long questions:

1. Compare the physical properties of acids & bases with examples.
2. Explain the Arrhenius concept of acids & bases with examples. What are limitations of this concept?
3. Explain Lewis concept of an acid & a base.
4. What are indicators? How they are used to determine pH of acidic, basic and neutral solutions.
5. Define salts. Explain their characteristics and uses of some important salts. 6. Give the application/uses of some important bases.
7. Explain Bronsted Lowry concept of an acid and base with examples.


Unit 11

Important Short Questions

1. Define Vital force theory.
2. Write definition of organic compounds
3. Define Catenation.
4. Briefly explain molecular formula with example.
5. Write functional group of alcohol.
6. How coal is formed?
7. Define functional group.
8. What is dot & cross formula?
9. Define open chain/acyclic compound.
10. Define alicyclic/Non-Benzenoid compounds.
11. Define Heterocyclic compounds with example
12. Define isomerism. How many isomers pentane have?

Important long questions: (Skip this part. No long question will come from this chapter in 2022)

1. Write a note on the classification of organic compounds.
2. Compare the general characteristics of organic & inorganic compounds.
3. Define homologous series. Write its characteristics.
4. Define functional group. Explain the functional group of alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid, esters, etc.
5. Explain the meaning of molecular formula, structural formula, condensed structural formula & electronic formula.

Unit 12

Important Short Questions

1. Define hydrocarbons.
2. Define open chain hydrocarbons & Closed chain hydro carbons
3. What are Saturated & unsaturated hydrocarbons?
4. Why alkanes are called “Paraffins”?
5. What is meant by Hydrogenation of alkenes?
6. Give Uses of ethane & ethane.

Important long questions:

1. Define hydrocarbons. How are they classified?
2. Explain methods for preparation of alkanes & alkenes.
3. Discuss physical properties of alkenes & alkynes.
4. Write uses of ethane, ethane, methane & acetylene.
5. Give chemical reactions of alkanes.

Unit 13

Important Short Questions

1. Define Biochemistry.
2. Define Polysaccharides & give their properties
3. write Characteristics of monosaccharides
4. Define amino acid. Give its general formula.
5. Differentiate b/w essential & non essential amino acids.
6. Write Sources & uses of vitamin A, Vitamin D.
7. Carbohydrates & their uses
8. Difference b/w ghee & oil
9. Function of DNA
10. Types of vitamins
11. How you justify RNA works like a messenger?

Important long questions:

1. Define monosaccharides & oligosaccharides. Give their characteristics.
2. Give uses and sources of carbohydrates.
3. Define amino acid. Explain how are they building blocks of proteins?
4. Explain the sources & uses of proteins & lipids.
5. Define vitamins. Discuss the types, sources, uses & importance of vitamins. Also write the effects of deficiency of vitamins.
6. What are carbohydrates? How monosaccharides are prepared?

Unit 14

Important Short Questions

1. Atmosphere & its spheres
2. Diff. b/w atmosphere & environment
3. Name the major constituents of troposphere
4. Define pollutants. Differentiate b/w primary & secondary pollutants.
5. Green house effect
6. Global warming & its effects
7. Why CO2 is called green house gas?
8. CO2 is responsible for heating up atmosphere, how?
9. Effects of acid rain
10. Define Ozone hole & where was it notices first?
11. Effects of ozone depletion
12. Where the ozone layer is found?
13. How acid rain increase the acidity of soil?
14. Why CO is considered a health hazard?
15. How sulphur containing compound are emitted naturally?

Unit 15

Important Short Questions

1. How water rises in plants?
2. Four properties of water
3. Define capillary action
4. Why the water molecule is polar?
5. Soft water & hard water
6. How temporary hardness of water can be removed by Clark’s method?
7. Define boiler scales. How are they removed?
8. Why are pesticides & fertilizers used?
9. Why non-polar compounds are insoluble in water?
10. How water rises in plants?
11. Disadvantages of detergents.
12. Name some water borne diseases.
13. Define Fluorosis.

Important Long Questions
  1. Causes of hardness in water and methods to remove hardness
2. Industrial effluents and their effects
3. Effects of water pollution
4. Write a note on waterborn diseases

Unit 16

Important Short Questions

1. Define metallurgy.
2. Difference b/w Minerals & Ores.
3. State gravity separation
4. Electromagnetic separation
5. Define Roasting. How is it carried out?
6. Raw materials of Solvey’s process
7. Advantages of Solvey’s process
8. Petroleum
9. Formation of petroleum
10. How roasting is carried out?
11. Difference b/w crude oil & residual oil
12. Difference b/w diesel oil & fuel oil.
13. Which raw material are used in the manufacturing of urea?
14. How NaHCO3 is converted in Na2CO3?

Important Long Questions
1. Electromegnatic separation (Smelting, bessemerization)
2. Manufacture of sodium carbonate by Solvay's process (reactions, advantages)
3. Process of manufacture of Urea (3 basic steps)


You should also see the following related posts:





2nd year chemistry guess paper 2025 Punjab board
January 27, 2025

 2nd year chemistry guess paper 2025 for Punjab board is given bere in pdf. Download 12th class chemistry guess paper 2025 in pdf. 2nd year guess paper chemistry Punjab board with paper scheme is here to download. 

This guess paper is for all punjab board i.e Lahore board, Gujranwala board, Sargodha board, Sahiwal board, Bhawalpur board, Multan board, DG Khan board, and Rawalpindi board and Faisalabad board.

2nd year Chemistry guess paper 2025

This guess paper is in pdf. The guess paper include 2nd year chemistry important questions. The chapterwise important questions for 2nd year chemistry are given. We hope you get the best guess paper 2025 for your high marks.

You should see this 2nd year chemistry pairing scheme 2025 for an idea of new paper scheme for Punjab board.

2nd year chemistry guess paper 2025 inlcuded chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3 and so on to chapter 15, chapter 16 important chapter wise questions.

2nd year chemistry guess paper - Important Questions chapterwise

Below is the detailed guess paper pf chemistry class 12 which include all chapter important questions 2025.

Chapter 1

Important short questions

1. Why metals are good conductors?

2. Define hydration energy with examples.

3. Diamond is a non-conductor but graphite is good conductor. Why?

4. Ionization energy increases from left to right in a period. Justify.

5. How does hydrogen resemble with group IV-A elements.

6. Why oxidation number of noble gases is usually zero?

7. What is electron affinity? Give its trend in periodic table.

8. Justify the position of hydrogen at the top of group VII-A elements.

9. Give reasons that hydration energy of Al3+ ions more than Mg2+ ion?

10. Give differences of lithium from its own family members.

11. Why the size of an anion is always greater than its parent atom?

12. Name various classes of hydrides.

13. Why metallic character increases from top to bottom in a group of metals?

14. Alkali metals give ionic hydrides. Why?

15. Give four uses of nitric acid.

Important long questions

1. Give trends of metallic character in groups and periods and discuss the impact of atomic size on it.

2. Explain the term periodic table and discuss the improvements made in Mendeleeve’s periodic table.

3. What are hydrides? Discuss their classification and properties.


Chapter 2

Important short questions

1. How does hydrogen resemble with alkali metals?

2. Write formula of borax and Chile saltpetre.

3. Give formula of natron and halite.

4. How will you distinguish between ethanol and propanol.

5. Give two similar properties of lithium and magnesium.

6. Write chemical formula of Beryl and Barite.

7. What are two major problems faced during the working of diaphragm cell?

8. Why Down’s cell is preferable method for the preparation of sodium on large scale?

9. Give formula of (i). Dolomite (ii.) Asbestos

10. What reaction occur when (i). Lithium carbonate is heated (ii). Sodium bicarbonate is heated

Important long questions

1. Discuss the preparation of sodium hydroxide on commercial scale by diaphragm cell or Nelson’s cell.

2. Describe the process of sodium metal manufacturing by Down’s cell.

3. Complete and balance the following equations
i. Li2O + H2O ii. Na2O + H2O iii. Mg + (OH)2 iv. NaNO3

Chapter 3

Important short questions

1. Write four uses of Borax.

2. What is borax bread test?

3. How is Borax used an water softening agent?

4. Why are borate glazes preferred over silicate glazes?

5. Give any four uses of aluminium in our daily life.

6. Give two similarities between carbon and silicate.

7. Give reaction of P2O5 with cold and hot water

8. The aqueous solution of borax is alkaline. Give reason.

9. What is carbonization?

10. Explain the structure of CO2.

11. Write two uses of sodium silicate. (2)

12. How borax can be prepared from colemanite? Give equation

13. Write names and formulas of oxyacids of nitrogen.

Important long questions

1. Write a note on aluminum silicate.

2. Write a method for preparation of water glass. Also, write uses of water glass.

3. How will you convert boric acid into borax and vice versa.


Chapter 6

Important short questions

1. All exercise short questions.

Important long questions

1. Write a note : i) Binding energy ii) Paramagnetism.

2. Explain the following properties for transition element. I) Paramagnetic ii) Colour

Chapter 7

Important Short Questions

1. What is meant by organic chemistry?

2. What are homocyclic and heterocyclic compounds? Give examples.

3. Why is ethene an important industrial element?

4. Define isomers. Write the names of its four types.

5. What is meant by a functional group? Name typical functional groups containing oxygen.

6. Define thermal cracking and steam cracking.

7. What is meant by catenation? Give examples.

8. What is meant by cis-trans isomerism?

9. Define tautomerism and give example.

10. Define alicyclic and aromatic compounds.

11. What is petroleum? Give its origin.

12. Why is ethene an important industrial chemical?

13. What is coal tar? Give its fractions.

14. How will you define octane number? How it can be improved?

15. What is iodized salt?

16. Write the structural formula of two possible isomers of C4H10.

17. Describe important sources of organic compounds.

18. What is catalytic cracking?

Important long questions

1. What is orbital hybridization? Explain , , and  mode of hybridization

2. Describe the important sources of organic compounds.

3. Define Isomerism. Explain its types.

4. 2. Write down the process of cracking of petroleum.


Chapter 8

Important short questions

1. How do you distinguish between ethane and ethyne?.

2. Why the π bond is more reactive than ϭ bond?

3. Convert 1-butene to 1-butyne.

4. Give fours uses of methane.

5. Synthesize i.benzene ii. Oxalic acid from ethyne.

6. Convert ethene into ethylalcohol?

7. What is Markonikov’s rule?

8. Write a note on acidity of ethene?

9. Convert methane into formic acid.

10. What is Raney-Nickel? Give its uses.

11. Alkanes are less reactive than alkenes. Comment.

12. Convert ethyne into acetaldehyde.

13. How cis and trans alkenes are produced? Give reactions.

14. Convert ethene into ethylalcohol?

15. What is hydrogenolysis?

16. What is Baeyer’s Test? Give its uses

Important Long questions

1. Describe with examples the acidic nature of alkynes?

2. Give comparison of reactivity of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.

3. Prepare Ethane from Kolbe’s Electrolytic method. Write down it mechanism.

4. Give the chemical reactions of ethene with:

(i) O2 in the presence of Ag2O (ii) Conc. H2SO4 (iii) S2Cl2 (iv) HOCl.

Chapter 9

Important short questions

1. Briefly describe x-ray studies of benzene structure.

2. Define electrophile. Give two examples.

3. Give reaction of benzene with ozone.(ozonolysis)

4. How benzene is converted into maleic acid by catalytic oxidation?

5. What are aromatic compounds?

6. Why benzene is less reactive than alkene?

7. What is Wurts Fitting reaction? Give its importance.

8. Give two oxidation reactions of benzene.

9. What are fused rings aromatic compounds?

10. Give reaction of benzene with SO3.

11. Prepare benzene from i. n-Hexane ii. Sodium benzoate

12. Give the mechanism of nitration of Benzene.

13. Give reactivity of benzene towards electrophiles.

14. Show Benzene’s cyclic structure with diagram.

15. Define aromatization.

Important long questions

1. Convert Benzene into:

i) Cyclohexane ii) Maleic acid iii) Glyoxal iv) Benzene sulphonic acid

2. What are Friedel-Crafts reactions? Explain mechanism of alkylation and acylation of benzene

3. Write any four chemical methods for the preparation of benzene.

4. Give reactions of benzene with respect to (i) nitration (ii) sulphonation


Chapter 10

Important Short Questions

1. Prepare (i) ethyl bio alcohol (ii) ethyl acetate from ethyl bromide.

2. What are primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl halides? Give example of each.

3. Explain Markownikov’s rule with suitable example.

4. Starting from C2H4Br how will you prepare ethane and ethene?

5. Explain the following reaction: CH4 CH3CH2COOH.

6. How do you compare SN1 and SN2 mechanism?

7. How do we get alkyl nitriles from Grignard’s reagent?

8. What are elimination reactions? Give an example of E1 reaction.

9. What is Grignard reagent?

10. What are Alkyl halides? Give their general formula.

11. What are types of nucleophilic substitution reaction?

12. Convert ethyl alcohol into their respective halides by using PCl3 and PI5

13. What is Wurtz synthesis?

14. What is Grignard reagent?

Important Long Questions

1. Describe SN2 reaction of alkyl halides with details.

2. Explain the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reaction.

3. Describe β elimination reaction E2 with example.

4. How the presence of double bond can be detected by using Baeyre’s reagent?

Chapter 11

Important short questions

1. Convert methanol into ethanol

2. Differentiate between primary and secondary alcohols.

3. Write structural formula of a)carbolic acid b)glycerol

4. What are rectified spirit, commercial alcohol and absolute alcohol?

5. Why water has higher boiling point than ethanol?

6. Convert methanol into ethanol and acetone into ethyle alcohol.

7. What is Lucas test?

8. Give the uses of ethyle alcohols and methyl alcohols.

9. Ethyl alcohol is liquid while methyl chloride is a gas. Why?

10. Write the names and formulas of two polyhydric alcohols.

11. Define fermentation. Give its conditions.

12. Absolute alcohols cannot be prepared by fermentation. Why?

13. What is wood-spirit? How is it prepared from water gas?

14. Write equation for the reaction of C2H5OH with PBr3, PCI5
 

Important Long Questions

1. How alcohols are prepared? Give their properties and uses.

2. What is either? Give its reactions.

3. Explain the following properties with reference to phenol: i) Esterification ii)sulphonation

Chapter 12

Skip this chapter

Chapter 13

Important Short questions

1. What are peptides and peptide linkage?

2. What is ninhydrin test?

3. What are aromatic carboxylic acids?

4. Give the mechanism for the esterification of the carboxylic acids.

5. What are essential and non-essential amino acids?

6. Name five dicarboxylic acids and give their formulas.

7. What is strecker’s synthesis?

8. Give four uses of nitric acid.

9. How carboxylic acid is converted into a-amino acids?

10. Give four uses of acetic acid.

11. How ethanol is converted into acetic acid and vice versa?

12. Define proteins? How do they differ from polypeptides?

13. What are fatty acids? Give examples.

14. What are Zwitter ions? Give equation.

15. How will you prepare acetic acid from ethynes?

Chapter 14

1. Define carbohydrates. Classify them and give example of each.

2. What do you mean by rancidity of fats and oils?

3. Define the following: i. proteins ii. Lipids iii. polymers

4. How is polystyrene prepared? Give its two uses.

5. Give the structure of cholesterol.

6. Write down uses of proteins.

7. What is saponification number and iodine number?

8. What are fatty acids? Give examples.

9. How polymers are classified on the basis of heat effect?

Chapter 15+16

1. What reaction takes place in decomposition zone during manufacturing of cement?

2. Which type of woody raw material is used in paper industry?

3. Write two woody and two non woody raw material for paper pulp manufacture.

4. What are macro nutrients?

5. What is role of chlorofluorocarbons in destroying ozone?

6. How do you compare SN1 and SN2 mechanism?

7. What is need for fertilizers?

8. What do you mean by prilling of urea?

9. What are some commonly used bleaching agents in paper manufacture?

10. Define clinker? How is it used in manufacturing of Cement.

11. What is meant by setting of cement?

12. What is the role of phosphorus in growth of plants?

13. Give the role/importance of potassium in the growth of plants.

14. Write names of steps in paper making process.

15. What do you mean by prilling of urea?

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You can download this guess paper in pdf. 2024 exams for class 12 has been taking plance in June 2024. There are more conceptual questions this year. Be ready for unseen and new questions too.

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Chemistry 9th class Guess paper 2025 All Punjab Boards
January 18, 2025
9th class chemistry guess paper 2025 is for the Punjab board. Download the guess paper in pdf. The guess paper has been given in Urdu medium and English medium.

Here is the guess paper of Chemistry for class 9th URDU Medium English Medium. 

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1st year chemistry mcqs with answers pdf download
May 03, 2024
Here are chapter wise mcqs with answer keys for 1st year chemistry. These are PDF notes and you can download it here. 

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You can download chapter wise MCQs of chemistry 1st year in pdf. These are solved MCQs of chemistry for class 11. These are all chapters MCQs with answers.

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May 03, 2024

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1st year chemistry short questions notes pdf
May 03, 2024
This post will be updated when short questions notes for chemistry 1st year will be published. 1st year chemistry short questions notes will be given here in pdf. 

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April 25, 2024

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9th class chemistry MCQs PDF English Medium
March 06, 2024
The single PDF file of all chapters of the chemistry of 9th class is given below. This includes chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7 MCQs of the chemistry of class 9 in English. 

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